Exophthalmos as a Manifestation of Multiple Myeloma Relapse: A Case Report and Literature Review
S. EL Hachimi *
Adult Ophthalmology Department, 20th August Hospital, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco.
F. El Hachimi
Trauma and Orthopedics Emergency Department P32, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco.
Bentouhami
Adult Ophthalmology Department, 20th August Hospital, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco.
A. Mchachi
Adult Ophthalmology Department, 20th August Hospital, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco.
A. Rajaallah
Trauma and Orthopedics Emergency Department P32, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco.
A. Messoudi
Trauma and Orthopedics Emergency Department P32, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco.
R. Rachid
Adult Ophthalmology Department, 20th August Hospital, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco.
M. Rafai
Trauma and Orthopedics Emergency Department P32, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Exophthalmos, characterized by protrusion of the eyeballs, can be a sign of serious underlying conditions, including multiple myeloma. In this context, it may indicate a relapse of the disease, often associated with extramedullary infiltration of plasma cells into orbital tissues. This article examines the link between exophthalmos and multiple myeloma relapse, highlighting the clinical importance of this manifestation in the diagnosis and management of the disease. The clinical case of a 69-year-old woman with multiple myeloma in remission for five years, who developed progressive exophthalmos following relapse, is presented. The diagnosis was confirmed by MRI, showing extramedullary infiltration. This case highlights the importance of early detection and appropriate treatment, which may include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapies and local management of ocular complications. The article concludes by discussing the implications of exophthalmos in the context of multiple myeloma relapse and the need for rigorous clinical evaluation.
Keywords: Myeloma, clinical evaluation, plasma cells, orbital tissues